Understanding Executive Function
Executive function refers to a set of mental processes that help individuals plan, focus attention, remember instructions and juggle multiple tasks successfully. In toddlers, this might look like waiting their turn, following simple routines or focusing on a task for a short period of time. These skills don't come naturally – they're learned and developed through interactions, experiences and consistent support.
The early years are a prime window for laying the foundations of executive function. During this time, the brain undergoes rapid development, forming vital neural connections in response to external stimuli. That’s why early learning environments play a powerful role in helping children build these essential life skills.
Why Early Development of Executive Function Matters
Strong executive function skills are linked to long-term success in both academic and social settings. When children develop the ability to regulate their behaviour, manage emotions and solve problems, they are better equipped to navigate everyday challenges. From negotiating play with peers to learning how to wait patiently, these small moments build towards a resilient and capable learner.
Without these foundational skills, children may struggle with impulse control, transitioning between activities or resolving conflict. That’s why it’s important to provide consistent opportunities to practise and refine executive function skills from an early age.
The Role of the Reggio Emilia Approach
The Reggio Emilia philosophy is well suited to supporting the development of executive function in toddlers. At its heart, the approach values the child as competent, curious and capable of directing their own learning. Educators act as guides, creating environments and provocations that stimulate thinking and engagement.
Reggio-inspired classrooms are intentionally designed to promote exploration and self-regulation. Children are encouraged to take responsibility for their choices, work collaboratively with others and revisit projects over time – all of which support goal-setting, planning and flexible thinking.
To see how this connects with broader cognitive development, you may also be interested in our article on Reggio Emilia and Critical Thinking.
How Executive Function Develops Through Play
Play-based learning is central to the Reggio Emilia approach, and it is also one of the most effective ways to support executive function. When children engage in imaginative play or work on long-term projects, they practise holding ideas in their mind, controlling impulses and shifting between ideas or perspectives.
For example, building a tall structure with blocks requires planning, cooperation and emotional regulation when it topples. Acting out a story or role-playing with peers encourages them to take on new perspectives, adapt plans, and problem-solve collaboratively.
This type of play helps develop working memory, inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility – three core components of executive function. These aren’t just academic skills – they are essential for life.
The Environment as the Third Teacher
A Reggio Emilia classroom is thoughtfully designed to promote independence and decision-making. Materials are carefully chosen to be open-ended and accessible, sparking curiosity and engagement.
Natural and tactile resources – such as wooden blocks, clay, loose parts and recycled materials – invite exploration and perseverance. The layout encourages children to move freely, make choices and return to their work over time. This builds focus, persistence and a sense of ownership over their learning.
You can see how these environments also support multiple ways of thinking and expressing ideas by reading our blog on The Hundred Languages of Children.
The Adult’s Role in Supporting Executive Function
Educators and caregivers play a vital part in nurturing executive function skills. This includes modelling calm and intentional behaviour, narrating problem-solving processes aloud, and encouraging reflection on past actions and outcomes.
Asking open-ended questions like “What do you think might happen next?” or “How could we solve this together?” helps children practise flexible thinking. Giving them opportunities to make choices, take (supported) risks and persist through challenges also builds confidence and independence.
Consistent scaffolding – offering just enough support to succeed without taking over – allows children to stretch their thinking and learn through experience.
Setting the Stage for Lifelong Success
Developing executive function skills in early childhood lays the foundation for success far beyond the preschool years. At Evoke Early Learning, we understand how vital this development is. Our toddler and kindergarten programs provide rich, engaging experiences that encourage children to think, plan, regulate and reflect.
If you’d like to learn more about how we nurture resilient, capable learners, we invite you to book a tour at our Albert Park or Clayton centres. You can also explore our article on Fostering Emotional Resilience to see how these life skills connect and grow together.
Tracey is a highly qualified educator and administrator and brings a strong combination of academic achievement, extensive work experience in the education and business sectors as well as drive and passion to her role as General Manager of Operations at Evoke Early Learning.
Tracey has a Master of Education and an Advanced Diploma of Business and holds VIT Dual Registration to teach in Early Childhood and Primary School settings. She’s also a VIT Trained Mentor Teacher and has worked in ECEC settings as a Director, Educational Leader and as a Victorian Senior Area manager. Her recognition as a state finalist in the recent Director of the Year Awards is testament to her achievements in the early education sector.
Her extensive work experience also included a stint as Head of Curriculum at the Royal Children’s Hospital Education Institute and positions as head of ICT at a number of large primary and secondary schools. Tracey is also experienced in not-for-profit sessional kindergarten settings and long daycare environments, so she has a deep understanding of what’s required to support the needs and expectations of young children, educators, parents and caregivers.
Tracey is responsible for operational management at Evoke Early Learning’s Clayton centre in Oakleigh East and their Albert Park centre in South Melbourne and is deeply committed to leading and driving effective and sustainable service delivery throughout the company.
Tracey is passionate about making a meaningful difference to young children, their parents and the wider community and under her expert guidance, Evoke Early Learning is continuing to raise the bar in quality early education and childcare.
